Glossary of Terms and Abbreviations: Washington's financial papers contain a number of references, shorthand, and abbreviations for various terms, items, dates, and weights andmeasurements. This glossary provides expansions of common abbreviations as well as definitions.
OED - Oxford English Dictionary
PGW - Papers of George Washington
A | B | C | D | E | F | G | H | I | J | K | L | M | N | O | P | Q | R | S | T | U | V | W | X | Y | Z
Abridgement of Laws - A collection of papers detailing a shortened summary of laws in a certain province or area. ["abridgement, n.". OED Online. December 2016. Oxford University Press. http://www.oed.com/view/Entry/587?redirectedFrom=abridgement (accessed February 13, 2017)]
Acct - Account.
Adze (adz) - A tool similar to an axe, with a blade set at right angles to the shaft and curving inwards towards it, used for cutting or slicing away the surface of wood. Also: the blade itself. ["adze | adz, n.". OED Online. December 2016. Oxford University Press. http://www.oed.com/view/Entry/3062?rskey=w2AeDn&result=1&isAdvanced=false (accessed January 23, 2017)]
Almanac - An annual table, or (more usually) a book of tables, containing a calendar of months and days, with astronomical data and calculations, ecclesiastical and other anniversaries, and other information, including astrological and meteorological forecasts. ["almanac, n.". OED Online. December 2016. Oxford University Press. http://www.oed.com/view/Entry/5564?rskey=F0eiN5&result=1&isAdvanced=false (accessed January 25, 2017)]. See also British Merlin.
Antimony - One of the elementary bodies, a brittle metallic substance, of bright bluish white colour and flaky crystalline texture. Its metallic characteristics are less pronounced than those of the metals generally; and it forms the fourth member of the natural series nitrogen, phosphorus, arsenic, antimony, bismuth, and some others, which are in different combinations triads and pentads. Symbol Sb (Stibium). ["antimony, n.". OED Online. December 2016. Oxford University Press. http://www.oed.com/view/Entry/8700?redirectedFrom=antimony (accessed January 25, 2017)]
Apl - April.
Arrack - A name applied in Eastern countries to any spirituous liquor of native manufacture; especially, that distilled from the fermented sap of the coco-palm, or from rice and sugar, fermented with the coco-nut juice. ["arrack, n.". OED Online. December 2016. Oxford University Press. http://www.oed.com/view/Entry/10957?redirectedFrom=Arrack (accessed January 25, 2017)]. Arrack punchwas a popular concoction served in taverns. (PGW)
Assumpsit - A taking upon oneself, an undertaking;spec.inLaw: (a)a promise or contract, oral or in writing not sealed, founded upon a consideration;(b)an action to recover damages for breach or non-performance of such contract. ["assumpsit, n.". OED Online. December 2016. Oxford University Press. http://www.oed.com/view/Entry/12047?redirectedFrom=assumpsit (accessed January 25, 2017)]
Astringnet Solution - A solution that has the power to draw together or contract the soft organic tissues. ["astringent, adj. and n.". OED Online. December 2016. Oxford University Press. http://www.oed.com/view/Entry/12233?redirectedFrom=astringent (accessed February 13, 2017)]
Auger - A carpenter's tool for boring holes in wood, etc., having a long pointed shank with a cutting edge and a screw point, and a handle fixed at right angles to the top of the shank, by means of which the tool is worked round with both hands. ["auger, n.1". OED Online. December 2016. Oxford University Press. http://www.oed.com/view/Entry/13065?rskey=c1uqKj&result=1&isAdvanced=false (accessed January 25, 2017)]
Augt - August.
Awl - A small tool, having a slender, cylindrical, tapering, sharp-pointed blade, with which holes may be pierced; a piercer, pricker, bodkin; (2) The tool of this description used by shoemakers for piercing holes in leather. ["awl, n.". OED Online. December 2016. Oxford University Press. http://www.oed.com/view/Entry/13976?redirectedFrom=AWL (accessed January 25, 2017)]
Bail - To lade or throw water out of a boat, etc., with buckets (formerly called bails), pails, basins, or other vessels. ["bail, v.4". OED Online. December 2016. Oxford University Press. http://www.oed.com/view/Entry/14685?rskey=IQEJkO&result=9 (accessed January 25, 2017)]
Balle - Balance.
Bark -The rind or outer sheath of the trunk and branches of trees, formed of tissue parallel with the wood. ["bark, n.1". OED Online. December 2016. Oxford University Press. http://www.oed.com/view/Entry/15567?rskey=JYaSah&result=1&isAdvanced=false (accessed January 25, 2017)]
Barrel -A cylindrical wooden vessel, generally bulging in the middle and of greater length than breadth, formed of curved staves bound together by hoops, and having flat ends or heads; a cask. ["barrel, n.". OED Online. December 2016. Oxford University Press. http://www.oed.com/view/Entry/15730?rskey=VDq4bY&result=1&isAdvanced=false (accessed January 25, 2017)]
Bll, Barrl - barrel.
Bedstead -Strictly, the place occupied by a bed; the framework of a bed. ["bedstead, n.". OED Online. December 2016. Oxford University Press. http://www.oed.com/view/Entry/16925?redirectedFrom=bedstead (accessed January 25, 2017)]
Beer Glass - Aglass holding half a pint of beer. ["beer, n.1". OED Online. December 2016. Oxford University Press. http://www.oed.com/view/Entry/16986?redirectedFrom=beer+glass (accessed January 25, 2017)]
Beeve - An ox.
Bellows -An instrument or machine constructed to furnish a strong blast of air. In its simplest form, it consists essentially of a combination of bag and box, formed of an upper and lower board joined by flexible leather sides, enclosing a cavity capable of expansion and contraction, and furnished with a valve opening inwards, through which air enters and fills the expanded cavity, and with a tube or nozzle, through which the air is forced out in a stream when the machine is compressed. It has many modifications of form and structure according to its purpose; and the name is sometimes applied to the ‘blower’ of a blast-furnace. ["bellows, n.". OED Online. December 2016. Oxford University Press. http://www.oed.com/view/Entry/17473?rskey=JvitnP&result=1 (accessed January 25, 2017)]
Bergamot - A tree of the orange and lemon kind ( Citrus bergamia); from the rind of the fruit a fragrant oil is prepared, called Essence of Bergamot. (2) The essence extracted from the fruit. ["bergamot, n.1". OED Online. December 2016. Oxford University Press. http://www.oed.com/view/Entry/17901?rskey=fv2lNp&result=1&isAdvanced=false (accessed January 25, 2017)]
Bird Eye Cotton -A type of cotton cloth which has a notable diamond weave pattern. (Fabric of Our Lives)
Bitts (ship) -One of the strong posts firmly fastened in pairs in the deck or decks of a ship, for fastening cables, belaying ropes, etc.; generally used in the plural. ["bitt, n.". OED Online. December 2016. Oxford University Press. http://www.oed.com/view/Entry/19558 (accessed January 25, 2017)]
Black Jack -A large, tar-coated leather jug for beer. ["black jack, n.2". OED Online. December 2016. Oxford University Press. http://www.oed.com/view/Entry/19733?rskey=TfZkQb&result=2&isAdvanced=false (accessed January 25, 2017)]
Bombasine -A twilled or corded dress-material, composed of silk and worsted; sometimes also of cotton and worsted, or of worsted alone. In black the material is much used in mourning. ["bombasine, n.". OED Online. December 2016. Oxford University Press. http://www.oed.com/view/Entry/21192?redirectedFrom=bombasine (accessed January 25, 2017)]
Black Mode - See Mode
Brad - A thin flattish nail of the same thickness throughout, but tapering in width, having a small ‘lip’ on one edge, instead of a head. ["brad, n.". OED Online. December 2016. Oxford University Press. http://www.oed.com/view/Entry/22456?rskey=1mBfui&result=1&isAdvanced=false (accessed January 25, 2017)]
Bran -The husk of wheat, barley, oats, or other grain, separated from the flour after grinding; in technical use, the coarsest portion of the ground husk. ["bran, n.1". OED Online. December 2016. Oxford University Press. http://www.oed.com/view/Entry/22594?rskey=2FukjI&result=1&isAdvanced=false (accessed January 25, 2017)]
Breeches -A garment covering the loins and thighs, made from fabrics such as Nankeen and leather. ["breech, n.". OED Online. December 2016. Oxford University Press. http://www.oed.com/view/Entry/23009?rskey=5ZkZ0v&result=1&isAdvanced=false (accessed January 25, 2017)]
Bridle -The head-gear of the harness of a horse or other beast of burden, consisting of a head-stall, bit, and rein, by which the animal is controlled and guided. ["bridle, n.". OED Online. December 2016. Oxford University Press. http://www.oed.com/view/Entry/23250?rskey=Rvv4zw&result=1&isAdvanced=false (accessed January 25, 2017)]
British Merlin (Rider's British Merlin) -Cardanus Rider's British Merlin almanac. These almanacs wereproduced from 1656 to well into the nineteenth century.See the University of Glasgow Special Collections article "Rider's British Merlin".
Broad Axe -An axe with a broad head, used for hewing timber, and formerly in war. ["ˈbroad-axe, n.". OED Online. December 2016. Oxford University Press. http://www.oed.com/view/Entry/23505?redirectedFrom=broad+axe (accessed January 25, 2017)]
Broad Cloth -Fine, plain-wove, dressed, double width, black cloth, used chiefly for men's garments. ["broadcloth | broad cloth, n.". OED Online. December 2016. Oxford University Press. http://www.oed.com/view/Entry/23512?redirectedFrom=broad+cloth (accessed January 25, 2017)]
Calomel - Mercurous chloride, or ‘protochloride’ of mercury (Hg2 Cl2); a preparation much used in medicine in the form of a white powder with a yellow tinge, becoming grey on exposure to light; also found native as horn-quicksilver in crystals. ["calomel, n.". OED Online. December 2016. Oxford University Press. http://www.oed.com/view/Entry/26503?redirectedFrom=calomel (accessed January 25, 2017)]
Cambrick -A kind of fine white linen, originally made at Cambray in Flanders. (Also applied to an imitation made of hard-spun cotton yarn). ["cambric, n.". OED Online. December 2016. Oxford University Press. http://www.oed.com/view/Entry/26658?redirectedFrom=cambrick (accessed January 25, 2017)]
Camphor - A whitish translucent crystalline volatile substance, belonging chemically to the vegetable oils, and having a bitter aromatic taste and a strong characteristic smell: it is used in pharmacy, and was formerly in repute as an antaphrodisiac. ["camphor, n.". OED Online. December 2016. Oxford University Press. http://www.oed.com/view/Entry/26800?rskey=ntPhZb&result=1&isAdvanced=false (accessed January 25, 2017)]
Canary Seed - The seed of Phalaris canariensis, used as food for canaries; also the plant itself. ["canary, n.". OED Online. December 2016. Oxford University Press. http://www.oed.com/view/Entry/26904?redirectedFrom=canary+seed (accessed January 25, 2017)]
Carpenter's Tools - Tools used by a carpenter.
Cashmere - More fully cashmere shawl: a costly shawl made of fine soft wool obtained from the Cashmere goat and the wild goat of western China. (b) The material of which cashmere shawls are made. (c) A woollen fabric made in France and England in imitation of cashmere. ["cashmere, n.". OED Online. December 2016. Oxford University Press. http://www.oed.com/view/Entry/28440?redirectedFrom=cashmere (accessed January 25, 2017)]
Cask - See barrel.
Chamber Pot - A bowl kept in a bedroom and used for the discharge of urine, etc., esp. at night. ["chamber pot, n.". OED Online. December 2016. Oxford University Press. http://www.oed.com/view/Entry/30346?redirectedFrom=chamber+pot (accessed January 25, 2017)]
Check Reel - A reel provided with a check to control the quantity of thread wound up. ["check, int. and n.1". OED Online. December 2016. Oxford University Press. http://www.oed.com/view/Entry/31085?redirectedFrom=check+reel (accessed January 25, 2017)]
Chimney - A fireplace or hearth. ["chimney, n.". OED Online. December 2016. Oxford University Press. http://www.oed.com/view/Entry/31717?rskey=yS7khv&result=1&isAdvanced=false (accessed January 25, 2017)]
Chintz - A name for the painted or stained calicoes imported from India. ["chintz, n.". OED Online. December 2016. Oxford University Press. http://www.oed.com/view/Entry/31812?redirectedFrom=chintz (accessed January 25, 2017)]
Chisel - A cutting tool of iron or steel with the cutting face transverse to the axis, and more or less abruptly bevelled on one or both sides; used for cutting wood, metal, or stone, and worked either by pressure, or by the blows of a mallet or hammer. ["chisel, n.1". OED Online. December 2016. Oxford University Press. http://www.oed.com/view/Entry/31916?rskey=qi9sdm&result=2&isAdvanced=false (accessed January 25, 2017)]
Coach Whip - A whip used in driving a coach, or a horse-drawn carriage. ["ˈcoach-whip, n.". OED Online. December 2016. Oxford University Press. http://www.oed.com/view/Entry/34971?redirectedFrom=coach+whip (accessed January 25, 2017)]
Cockade -A ribbon, knot of ribbons, rosette, or the like, worn in the hat as a badge of office or party, or as part of a livery dress. ["cockade, n.". OED Online. December 2016. Oxford University Press. http://www.oed.com/view/Entry/35344?redirectedFrom=cockade (accessed January 25, 2017)]
Collar -A leather-covered roll made to fit over the lower part of the neck of a horse or other draught animal, forming that part of the harness through which the power of drawing is directly exerted; with qualification, asbreast collar, the term is extended to parts of the harness serving the same purpose, but not fitted round the neck. ["collar, n.". OED Online. December 2016. Oxford University Press. http://www.oed.com/view/Entry/36217?rskey=6DxETj&result=1&isAdvanced=false (accessed January 25, 2017)]
Comy -One to whom a special duty or charge is committed by a superior power; one commissioned to act as representative; a deputy, delegate. GW often abbreviated commissary by using Comy. ["commissary, n.". OED Online. September 2015. Oxford University Press.http://www.oed.com/view/Entry/37133?rskey=3N9qJh&result=1&isAdvanced=false(accessed October 01, 2015)]
Cooperage - Also spelled Cowperage in the financial documents.The coopering of casks; cooper's work; the business or trade of a cooper; coopery. ["cooperage, n.". OED Online. December 2016. Oxford University Press. http://www.oed.com/view/Entry/41032?redirectedFrom=cooperage (accessed January 25, 2017)]
Corn (Indian) - Agrain; Maize or Indian corn. ["corn, n.1". OED Online. December 2016. Oxford University Press. http://www.oed.com/view/Entry/41586?rskey=2neZnA&result=1&isAdvanced=false (accessed January 25, 2017)]
Corn-knife - a large strong knife for cutting standing Indian corn. ["corn, n.1". OED Online. December 2016. Oxford University Press. http://www.oed.com/view/Entry/41586?rskey=2neZnA&result=1&isAdvanced=false (accessed January 25, 2017)]
Crape - A thin transparent gauze-like fabric, plain woven, without any twill, of highly twisted raw silk or other staple, and mechanically embossed, so as to have a crisped or minutely wrinkled surface. The name originally comprised fine worsted fabrics; but it is now chiefly limited to a black silk (or imitation silk) fabric much used for ladies' mourning dresses, and for funereal trimming and draping. (2) In the 18th c., ‘a sort of thin worsted stuff, of which the dress of the clergy is sometimes made’ (Bailey 1755); hence, sometimes put for those who are dressed in ‘crape’, the clergy, a clergyman. ["crape, n.". OED Online. December 2016. Oxford University Press. http://www.oed.com/view/Entry/43871?rskey=4CVSws&result=1&isAdvanced=false (accessed January 25, 2017)]
Cravat -A neckcloth; (originally) a long, narrow piece of linen, muslin or other fine cloth, sometimes with lace at either end, worn around the neck and either tied under the chin in a knot or bow with long flowing ends, or secured with a ribbon . ["cravat, n.". OED Online. December 2016. Oxford University Press. http://www.oed.com/view/Entry/43946?rskey=44ojpA&result=1&isAdvanced=false (accessed January 25, 2017)]
Currier - One whose trade is the dressing and colouring of leather after it is tanned. ["currier, n.1". OED Online. December 2016. Oxford University Press. http://www.oed.com/view/Entry/46111?rskey=j0SKn7&result=1&isAdvanced=false (accessed January 25, 2017)]
Curry (verb) - To dress (tanned leather) by soaking, scraping, paring, beating, colouring, etc. ["curry, v.1". OED Online. December 2016. Oxford University Press. http://www.oed.com/view/Entry/46121?rskey=rTN8yX&result=6&isAdvanced=false (accessed January 25, 2017)]
Curry Comb -A comb or instrument of metal used for currying horses, etc. ["ˈcurry-comb, n.". OED Online. December 2016. Oxford University Press. http://www.oed.com/view/Entry/46124?rskey=kXPLSA&result=1&isAdvanced=false (accessed January 25, 2017)]
Cypher -An intertexture of letters, esp. the initials of a name, engraved or stamped on plate, linen, etc.; a literal device, monogram; a secret manner of writing. ["cipher | cypher, n.". OED Online. December 2016. Oxford University Press. http://www.oed.com/view/Entry/33155?redirectedFrom=cypher (accessed January 25, 2017)]
cwt - Hundredweight
d - pence(monetary unit).
Damson - A small plum, black or dark purple, the fruit of Prunus communis or domestica, variety damascena, which was introduced in very early times into Greece and Italy from Syria. ["damson, n.". OED Online. December 2016. Oxford University Press. http://www.oed.com/view/Entry/47101?redirectedFrom=damson (accessed January 25, 2017)]
dble - Double.
Decr - December.
Dimity -A stout cotton fabric, woven with raised stripes or fancy figures; usually employed undyed for beds and bedroom hangings, and sometimes for garments. ["dimity, n.". OED Online. December 2016. Oxford University Press. http://www.oed.com/view/Entry/52930?redirectedFrom=dimity (accessed January 25, 2017)]
do - ditto.
Dowlas - A coarse kind of linen, much used in the 16th and 17th centuries. ["dowlas, n.". OED Online. December 2016. Oxford University Press. http://www.oed.com/view/Entry/57201?redirectedFrom=dowlas (accessed January 25, 2017)]
doz, dozn- Dozen.
Draw-knife -A tool, consisting of a blade with a handle at each end, used for shaving or scraping a surface. ["draw-knife, n.". OED Online. December 2016. Oxford University Press. http://www.oed.com/view/Entry/57562?redirectedFrom=draw-knife (accessed January 25, 2017)]
Dutch Oven - Alarge pot heated by surrounding it with fuel, and placing hot coals on the lid; a cooking utensil made of sheet-metal, placed in front of a grate and heated by radiation and by reflection from the back of the chamber. ["Dutch, adj., n.1, and adv.". OED Online. December 2016. Oxford University Press. http://www.oed.com/view/Entry/58711?redirectedFrom=dutch+oven (accessed January 25, 2017)]
dwt - Pennyweight.
Ell - A measure of length varying in different countries. The English ell = 45 in.; the Scotch = 37·2; the Flemish = 27 in. Nowhist.or with reference to foreign countries, the English measure being obsolete. ["ell, n.1". OED Online. December 2016. Oxford University Press. http://www.oed.com/view/Entry/60511?rskey=iLAPCA&result=1&isAdvanced=false (accessed January 25, 2017)]
Emetic (medicine) - A medicine that excites vomiting. ["emetic, adj. and n.". OED Online. December 2016. Oxford University Press. http://www.oed.com/view/Entry/61151?redirectedFrom=emetic (accessed January 25, 2017)]
Epaulet (Epaulette) -A shoulder-piece; an ornament worn on the shoulder as part of a military, naval, or sometimes of a civil uniform. ["epaulet | epaulette, n.". OED Online. December 2016. Oxford University Press. http://www.oed.com/view/Entry/63172?redirectedFrom=epaulet (accessed January 25, 2017)]
Esqr. - Esquire.
Ethiops Mineral - Sample ofmercuric sulphide, HgS, prepared as a black solid by the reaction of mercury and sulphur, and formerly used medicinally as an anthelmintic and tonic. ["ethiops, n.". OED Online. December 2016. Oxford University Press. http://www.oed.com/view/Entry/64777?redirectedFrom=ethiops+mineral (accessed January 25, 2017)]
Eye Water -Any of numerous (supposedly) medicinal solutions used in the treatment of the eyes. ["eye-water, n.". OED Online. December 2016. Oxford University Press. http://www.oed.com/view/Entry/67355?redirectedFrom=eye+water (accessed January 25, 2017)]
Fathom -The length covered by the outstretched arms, including the hands to the tip of the longest finger; hence, a definite measure of 6 feet, now chiefly used in taking soundings. ["fathom, n.". OED Online. December 2016. Oxford University Press. http://www.oed.com/view/Entry/68519?rskey=OQuqJl&result=1&isAdvanced=false (accessed January 25, 2017)]
Feather -A pen. ["feather, n.". OED Online. December 2016. Oxford University Press. http://www.oed.com/view/Entry/68811?rskey=n6mDrs&result=1&isAdvanced=false (accessed January 25, 2017)]
Feby - February.
Ferriage - The fare paid for transportation by ferry. (2) The action or business of transporting a person or thing by ferry; (as a count noun) a crossing by ferry. Also: the boat or boats used to make a ferry crossing. ["ferriage, n.". OED Online. December 2016. Oxford University Press. http://www.oed.com/view/Entry/69447?redirectedFrom=ferriage (accessed January 25, 2017)]
Fig-blue - Soluble blue. ["fig, n.1". OED Online. December 2016. Oxford University Press. http://www.oed.com/view/Entry/70013?redirectedFrom=fig-blue (accessed January 25, 2017)]
Firkin -A small cask for liquids, fish, butter, etc., originally containing a quarter of a ‘barrel’ or half a ‘kilderkin’. ["firkin, n.". OED Online. December 2016. Oxford University Press. http://www.oed.com/view/Entry/70579?rskey=K6ci6O&result=1&isAdvanced=false (accessed January 25, 2017)]
Flannel (Red) -An open woollen stuff, of various degrees of fineness, usually without a nap. ["flannel, n.". OED Online. December 2016. Oxford University Press. http://www.oed.com/view/Entry/71095?rskey=neM61G&result=1&isAdvanced=false (accessed January 25, 2017)]
Flower-water - Distilled water containing the essential oil of flowers. Rose water also appears in the accounts. It can be used as a perfume, flavoring, or for medicinal purposes. ["flower, n.". OED Online. December 2016. Oxford University Press. http://www.oed.com/view/Entry/72003?redirectedFrom=flower-water (accessed January 25, 2017)]
Fluke Plow - One of the broad triangular plates of iron on each arm of the anchor, inside the bills or extreme points, which, having entered the ground, hold the ship. ["fluke, n.2". OED Online. December 2016. Oxford University Press. http://www.oed.com/view/Entry/72102?redirectedFrom=fluke+plow (accessed January 25, 2017)]
Fodder - Food for cattle. ["fodder, n.". OED Online. December 2016. Oxford University Press. http://www.oed.com/view/Entry/72358?rskey=HU5Mhp&result=1&isAdvanced=false (accessed January 25, 2017)]
Fore-bay - A reservoir or conductor between a mill-race and a waterwheel. The discharging end of a head or mill-race. ["fore-bay, n.". OED Online. December 2016. Oxford University Press. http://www.oed.com/view/Entry/72959?redirectedFrom=forebay (accessed February 13, 2017)]
Fowl - Any feathered vertebrate animal. ["fowl, n.". OED Online. December 2016. Oxford University Press. http://www.oed.com/view/Entry/74043?rskey=kHFw2k&result=1&isAdvanced=false (accessed January 25, 2017)]
French Curls [wig] - An artificial covering of hair for the head, worn to conceal baldness or to cover the inadequacy of the natural hair, as a part of professional, ceremonial, or formerly of fashionable, costume. ["wig, n.3". OED Online. December 2016. Oxford University Press. http://www.oed.com/view/Entry/228960?rskey=T1wxDE&result=3&isAdvanced=false (accessed February 13, 2017)]
Froe (frow) - A wedge-shaped tool used for cleaving and riving staves, shingles, etc. It has a handle in the plane of the blade, set at right angles to the back. ["froe | frow, n.". OED Online. December 2016. Oxford University Press. http://www.oed.com/view/Entry/74854?redirectedFrom=froe (accessed January 25, 2017)]
Furze - The popular name of Ulex europæus, a spiny evergreen shrub with yellow flowers, growing abundantly on waste lands throughout Europe. Also named gorse, whin; common furze, great furze or French furze. †Sometimes, a bush or piece of this. ["furze, n.". OED Online. December 2016. Oxford University Press. http://www.oed.com/view/Entry/75742?redirectedFrom=furze (accessed January 25, 2017)]
Fustian - Formerly, a kind of coarse cloth made of cotton and flax. ["fustian, n. and adj.". OED Online. December 2016. Oxford University Press. http://www.oed.com/view/Entry/75820?redirectedFrom=fustian (accessed January 25, 2017)]
Garter - A band worn round the leg, either above or below the knee, to keep the stocking from falling down. ["garter, n.". OED Online. December 2016. Oxford University Press. http://www.oed.com/view/Entry/76901?rskey=RSlSXL&result=1&isAdvanced=false (accessed January 25, 2017)]
Gimlet - A kind of boring-tool. ["gimlet, n.1". OED Online. December 2016. Oxford University Press. http://www.oed.com/view/Entry/78339?rskey=H9hVtW&result=1&isAdvanced=false (accessed January 25, 2017)]
Glauber's salt (Glauber's salts) - Sulphate of sodium. (It was first artificially made by Glauber in 1656.) ["Glauber's salt | Glauber's salts, n.". OED Online. December 2016. Oxford University Press. http://www.oed.com/view/Entry/78790?redirectedFrom=Glauber%27s+salt (accessed January 25, 2017)]
Godfrey's cordial - any of various preparations containing tincture of opium mixed with treacle and often flavourings such as sassafras, ginger, or caraway, used as a sedative, esp. for children. ["Godfrey, n.1". OED Online. December 2016. Oxford University Press. http://www.oed.com/view/Entry/79658?redirectedFrom=Godfrey%27s+cordial (accessed January 25, 2017)]
Gorget -A piece of armour for the throat. ["gorget, n.1". OED Online. December 2016. Oxford University Press. http://www.oed.com/view/Entry/80122?rskey=89RSiy&result=1&isAdvanced=false (accessed January 25, 2017)]
Grass Scythe -see Scythe.
Grindstone -A disc of stone of considerable thickness, revolving on an axle, and used for grinding, sharpening, or polishing. ["grindstone, n.". OED Online. December 2016. Oxford University Press. http://www.oed.com/view/Entry/81545?redirectedFrom=grind+stone (accessed January 25, 2017)]
Grid Iron -A cooking utensil formed of parallel bars of iron or other metal in a frame, usually supported on short legs, and used for broiling flesh or fish over a fire. ["gridiron, n.". OED Online. December 2016. Oxford University Press. http://www.oed.com/view/Entry/81386?rskey=ZgU4Zd&result=1&isAdvanced=false (accessed January 25, 2017)]
Guaiacum - A genus of trees and shrubs (N.O. Zygophyllaceæ), native to the West Indies and the warmer parts of America; a tree of this genus, esp. Guaiacum officinale and G. sanctum; (2) The hard and heavy brownish-green wood of G. officinale and G. sanctum, used in medicine; lignum vitæ; (3) A resin obtained from the tree; also, the drug prepared from it. Also gum guaiacum. ["guaiacum, n.". OED Online. December 2016. Oxford University Press. http://www.oed.com/view/Entry/82092?redirectedFrom=Guaiacum+ (accessed January 25, 2017)]
Gudgeon -A pivot, usually of metal, fixed on or let into the end of a beam, spindle, axle, etc., and on which a wheel turns, a bell swings, or the like; in recent use more widely applied to various kinds of journals and similar parts of machinery. ["gudgeon, n.2". OED Online. December 2016. Oxford University Press. http://www.oed.com/view/Entry/82220?rskey=h2O8E8&result=2&isAdvanced=false (accessed January 25, 2017)]
Hackle -To prepare (flax, hemp, etc.) with a hackle or hackling machine, splitting, straightening, and combing the fibres in preparation for spinning. ["hackle, v.2". OED Online. March 2017. Oxford University Press. http://www.oed.com/view/Entry/83057?rskey=FdjQSp&result=4&isAdvanced=false (accessed March 24, 2017)]
Haim -Each of two curved pieces of wood or metal placed over, fastened to, or forming, the collar of a draught horse. ["hame, n.2". OED Online. December 2016. Oxford University Press. http://www.oed.com/view/Entry/83718?rskey=OspkZ6&result=1&isAdvanced=false (accessed January 25, 2017)]
Handmill -A hand-operated device for grinding corn, etc., consisting of two stones, the upper of which is rotated or rubbed on the lower. ["hand mill, n.". OED Online. December 2016. Oxford University Press. http://www.oed.com/view/Entry/83898?redirectedFrom=handmill (accessed January 25, 2017)]
Hank - A skein or coil of thread, yarn, etc.; a definite length of yarn or thread in a coil. ["hank, n.". OED Online. December 2016. Oxford University Press. http://www.oed.com/view/Entry/83999?rskey=bCE8Ic&result=1&isAdvanced=false (accessed January 25, 2017)]. Hank silk is mentioned inthe Financial Papers.
Harness - The trappings or accoutrements of a horse: formerly including those used in riding, but now confined to the gear or tackle of a draught horse or other animal. ["harness, n.". OED Online. December 2016. Oxford University Press. http://www.oed.com/view/Entry/84310?rskey=P6rXjH&result=1&isAdvanced=false (accessed January 25, 2017)]
Harrow - A heavy frame of timber (or iron) set with iron teeth or tines, which is dragged over ploughed land to break clods, pulverize and stir the soil, root up weeds, or cover in the seed. Sometimes made in two halves, and then locally called the harrows. ["harrow, n.1". OED Online. December 2016. Oxford University Press. http://www.oed.com/view/Entry/84371?rskey=QDvon1&result=1&isAdvanced=false (accessed January 25, 2017)]
Hartshorn Shavings -Shavings of the horn or antler of a hart; the substance obtained by rasping, slicing, or calcining the horns of harts, formerly the chief source of ammonia. ["hartshorn, n.". OED Online. December 2016. Oxford University Press. http://www.oed.com/view/Entry/84410?redirectedFrom=hartshorn+shavings (accessed January 25, 2017)]
Hemp - The cortical fibre of a certain plant, used for making cordage, and woven into stout fabrics. ["hemp, n.". OED Online. December 2016. Oxford University Press. http://www.oed.com/view/Entry/85870?rskey=QL7OeM&result=1&isAdvanced=false (accessed January 25, 2017)]
Hemp-brake - An instrument for bruising or breaking hemp. ["hemp, n.". OED Online. December 2016. Oxford University Press. http://www.oed.com/view/Entry/85870?redirectedFrom=hemp+brake (accessed February 06, 2017)]
Hemp Heckle - An instrument for combing or scutching flax or hemp. ["heckle, n.". OED Online. December 2016. Oxford University Press. http://www.oed.com/view/Entry/85332?rskey=nHdOpx&result=1&isAdvanced=false (accessed January 25, 2017)]
Hhds - hogsheads.
Hinge -The movable joint or mechanism by which a gate or door is hung upon the side-post, so as to be opened or shut by being turned upon it. ["hinge, n.". OED Online. December 2016. Oxford University Press. http://www.oed.com/view/Entry/87093?rskey=cSERq6&result=1&isAdvanced=false (accessed January 25, 2017)]
Hogsheads-A large cask, esp. for storing liquids;spec.one of a definite capacity, varying according to the commodity held.
Hop - The ripened cones of the female hop-plant, used for giving a bitter flavour to malt liquors, and as a tonic and soporific; (2) Beer. ["hop, n.1". OED Online. December 2016. Oxford University Press. http://www.oed.com/view/Entry/88363?rskey=LGleo1&result=1&isAdvanced=false (accessed January 25, 2017)]
Hopple -An apparatus tied to a horse or a beat to fasten together the legs of to prevent it from straying. ["hobble, n.". OED Online. December 2016. Oxford University Press. http://www.oed.com/view/Entry/87450 (accessed January 25, 2017)]
Horse Collar - The collar of a horse. ["ˈhorse-collar, n.". OED Online. December 2016. Oxford University Press. http://www.oed.com/view/Entry/88598?redirectedFrom=horse+collar (accessed January 25, 2017)]
Horse-lock - A shackle for a horse's feet. ["†ˈhorse-lock, n.". OED Online. December 2016. Oxford University Press. http://www.oed.com/view/Entry/88643?redirectedFrom=horse-lock (accessed January 25, 2017)]
Horseshoe -A shoe for a horse, now usually formed of a narrow iron plate bent to the outline of the horse's hoof and nailed to the animal's foot. ["horseshoe | horse-shoe, n.". OED Online. December 2016. Oxford University Press. http://www.oed.com/view/Entry/88671?rskey=ycYGGb&result=1&isAdvanced=false (accessed January 25, 2017)]
Horsewhip -A whip for driving or controlling a horse. ["horsewhip, n.". OED Online. December 2016. Oxford University Press. http://www.oed.com/view/Entry/88676?rskey=N0kNiY&result=1&isAdvanced=false (accessed January 25, 2017)]
Huckaback - A stout linen fabric, with the weft threads thrown alternately up so as to form a rough surface, used for towelling and the like. ["huckaback, n.". OED Online. December 2016. Oxford University Press. http://www.oed.com/view/Entry/89089?redirectedFrom=huckaback (accessed January 25, 2017)]
Hundredweight - Abbreviated to cwt., a hundredweight is anavoirdupois weight equal to 112 pounds. It wasprobableoriginally to a hundred pounds. ["hundredweight, n.". OED Online. December 2016. Oxford University Press. http://www.oed.com/view/Entry/89471?redirectedFrom=hundredweight (accessed January 25, 2017)]
Humcum (Hummum) - A coarse Indian cotton cloth. ["humhum, n.". OED Online. December 2016. Oxford University Press. http://www.oed.com/view/Entry/89346?redirectedFrom=humhum (accessed January 25, 2017)]
Ink Holder - A container for a pen’s ink. ["ink, n.1". OED Online. December 2016. Oxford University Press. http://www.oed.com/view/Entry/96120?redirectedFrom=ink+holder (accessed January 27, 2017)]
Irish Linen - Linen originally made in Ireland. This was occassionaly mispelled by GW as "linnen".
Iron - A strong, hard, magnetic, silvery-grey metal, the chemical element of atomic number 26, much used as a material for construction and the making of tools, weapons, machines, containers, vehicles, ships, etc. ["iron, n.1". OED Online. December 2016. Oxford University Press. http://www.oed.com/view/Entry/99499?rskey=osxEe3&result=1&isAdvanced=false (accessed January 27, 2017)]
Iron Pot - A cooking pot made out of iron.
Jacanot (Jaconet) Muslin - A cotton fabric originally imported from India, but now manufactured in England. The application of the name has undergone change; in the trade it now means ‘A plain cotton cloth of medium thickness or weight, lighter than a shirting, and heavier than a mull’. ["jaconet, n.". OED Online. December 2016. Oxford University Press. http://www.oed.com/view/Entry/100580?redirectedFrom=jaconet (accessed February 13, 2017)]
Jackass - A male donkey. ["jackass, n.". OED Online. December 2016. Oxford University Press. http://www.oed.com/view/Entry/100504?rskey=huqXya&result=1&isAdvanced=false (accessed January 27, 2017)]
Jalap - A purgative drug obtained from the tuberous roots ofExogonium(Ipomœa)Purgaand some other convolvulaceous plants; the active principle is the resin contained in the tubers (resin of jalap). ["jalap, n.". OED Online. December 2016. Oxford University Press. http://www.oed.com/view/Entry/100671?rskey=3Ia4vX&result=1 (accessed January 27, 2017)]
Jany - January.
Jennet - A small Spanish horse. ["jennet, n.1". OED Online. December 2016. Oxford University Press. http://www.oed.com/view/Entry/101047?rskey=UC5quZ&result=1&isAdvanced=false (accessed January 27, 2017)]
Jenny - Used as a prefix to denote a female animal, as jenny-ass, and esp. in names of birds, as jenny-hooper, jenny-howlet, and sometimes loosely applied without reference to sex. ["jenny, n.". OED Online. December 2016. Oxford University Press. http://www.oed.com/view/Entry/101050?redirectedFrom=jenny (accessed January 27, 2017)]
Jockey-cap - A peaked cap of the style worn by jockeys. ["jockey, n.". OED Online. December 2016. Oxford University Press. http://www.oed.com/view/Entry/101439?redirectedFrom=jockey-cap (accessed January 27, 2017)]
Joiner's Tools - Tools used specially by a joiner, who is a craftsman whose occupation it is to construct things by joining pieces of wood; a worker in wood who does lighter and more ornamental work than that of a carpenter, as the construction of the furniture and fittings of a house, ship, etc. ["joiner, n.". OED Online. December 2016. Oxford University Press. http://www.oed.com/view/Entry/101536?rskey=DbHhD2&result=1&isAdvanced=false (accessed February 13, 2017)]
Kendal cotton - A species of green woollen cloth. ["Kendal, n.". OED Online. December 2016. Oxford University Press. http://www.oed.com/view/Entry/102897?redirectedFrom=kendal (accessed February 13, 2017)]
Lace -A cord, line, string, thread, or tie. ["lace, n.". OED Online. December 2016. Oxford University Press. http://www.oed.com/view/Entry/104786?rskey=ir1uu6&result=1&isAdvanced=false (accessed January 27, 2017)]
Lamp-black -A pigment consisting of almost pure carbon in a state of fine division; made by collecting the soot produced by burning oil or (now usually) gas. ["lamp-black, n.". OED Online. December 2016. Oxford University Press. http://www.oed.com/view/Entry/105358?rskey=fbfAmA&result=1&isAdvanced=false (accessed January 27, 2017)]
Land-office - Land-offices are places in which the sales of new land are registered, and warrants issued for the location of land, and other business respecting unsettled land is transacted. ["land, n.1". OED Online. December 2016. Oxford University Press. http://www.oed.com/view/Entry/105432?redirectedFrom=land-office (accessed January 27, 2017)]
Lavender - The plant Lavandula vera (family Labiatæ), a small shrub with small pale lilac-coloured flowers, and narrow oblong or lanceolate leaves; it is a native of the south of Europe and Northern Africa, but cultivated extensively in other countries for its perfume. Also applied, usually with defining word, to the two other species of Lavandula, L. Spica (distinguished as French lavender and † lavender spike), and L. Stœchas (formerly † lavender gentle). Oil of lavender is an essential oil obtained by distillation of the blossoms of L. vera, used in medicine and perfumery. ["lavender, n.2 and adj.". OED Online. December 2016. Oxford University Press. http://www.oed.com/view/Entry/106369?rskey=9aWCPP&result=2&isAdvanced=false (accessed January 27, 2017)]
lb(s) - pounds.
Lib. - Lib. is an abbreviation of the Latin word libræ, meaning "pounds". ["†lib., n.5". OED Online. December 2016. Oxford University Press. http://www.oed.com/view/Entry/241586 (accessed January 27, 2017)]
Linen -A fabric made of flax. ["linen, adj. and n.". OED Online. December 2016. Oxford University Press. http://www.oed.com/view/Entry/108632?redirectedFrom=linen (accessed January 27, 2017)]
Linen Wheel - Akind of sewing machine. ["linen, adj. and n.". OED Online. December 2016. Oxford University Press. http://www.oed.com/view/Entry/108632?redirectedFrom=linen+wheel (accessed January 27, 2017)]
Linsey - In early use, perh. some coarse linen fabric. ["linsey, n.". OED Online. December 2016. Oxford University Press. http://www.oed.com/view/Entry/108777?redirectedFrom=linsey (accessed January 27, 2017)]
M -The roman numeral symbol for a thousand. ["M, n.". OED Online. December 2016. Oxford University Press. http://www.oed.com/view/Entry/111722?redirectedFrom=M (accessed January 27, 2017)]
Man-of-war -A vessel equipped for warfare; a commissioned warship belonging to the recognized navy of a country. ["man-of-war, n.". OED Online. December 2016. Oxford University Press. http://www.oed.com/view/Entry/113614?redirectedFrom=man+of+war (accessed February 21, 2017)]
Mantlet (Mantelet) -A kind of short, loose, sleeveless cape, cloak, or mantle covering the shoulders. ["mantlet, n.". OED Online. December 2016. Oxford University Press. http://www.oed.com/view/Entry/113689?redirectedFrom=mantlet (accessed January 27, 2017)]
Mantua-maker - Originally: a person who made mantuas. Later more generally: a dressmaker. ["mantua-maker, n.". OED Online. December 2016. Oxford University Press. http://www.oed.com/view/Entry/113732 (accessed February 13, 2017)]. A mantua designated "a fabric (esp. silk) or an article of clothing of a type originally manufactured" in Mantua, Italy. ["mantua-maker, n.". OED Online. December 2016. Oxford University Press. http://www.oed.com/view/Entry/113732?redirectedFrom=mantua+maker (accessed January 27, 2017)]
Mare - The female of the domestic horse. ["mare, n.1". OED Online. December 2016. Oxford University Press. http://www.oed.com/view/Entry/113992?rskey=cY1Xgr&result=1&isAdvanced=false (accessed January 27, 2017)]
Mashing Tub - A tub where one begins the process of mixing ground malt with hot water to form wort. ["mashing, n.1". OED Online. December 2016. Oxford University Press. http://www.oed.com/view/Entry/114599?redirectedFrom=mashing+tub (accessed January 27, 2017)]
Millstones - A pair of circular stones which grind corn by the rotation of the upper stone on the lower (or nether) one. ["millstone, n.". OED Online. December 2016. Oxford University Press. http://www.oed.com/view/Entry/118596?redirectedFrom=millstone (accessed January 27, 2017)]
Mode - A light, glossy, black silk (also mode silk). ["mode, n.". OED Online. December 2016. Oxford University Press. http://www.oed.com/view/Entry/120575?rskey=2QcLGs&result=1&isAdvanced=false (accessed January 27, 2017)]
Moulding - An ornamental contour or outline produced on wood either by carving or by the application of raised strips (esp. of a regular cross-section). ["moulding | molding, n.1". OED Online. December 2016. Oxford University Press. http://www.oed.com/view/Entry/122833?rskey=1TgOUu&result=1&isAdvanced=false (accessed January 27, 2017)]
Mourning Ring - Now hist. a ring worn as a memorial of a deceased person. ["mourning, n.1". OED Online. December 2016. Oxford University Press. http://www.oed.com/view/Entry/122947?redirectedFrom=mourning+ring (accessed January 27, 2017)]
Muslin - Any of various lightweight cotton fabrics in a plain weave. Also: a piece of such fabric; a dress or other article of clothing made of muslin. ["muslin, n. and adj.". OED Online. December 2016. Oxford University Press. http://www.oed.com/view/Entry/124185?redirectedFrom=muslin (accessed January 27, 2017)] Some types include cross-barred muslin and jacanot muslin.
Mustard Pot -A pot or cruet for holding table mustard. ["mustard pot, n.". OED Online. December 2016. Oxford University Press. http://www.oed.com/view/Entry/124243?redirectedFrom=mustard+pot (accessed January 27, 2017)]
Myrtle wax - A waxy substance produced by the bayberry (wax myrtle),Myrica cerifera. ["myrtle, n.". OED Online. December 2016. Oxford University Press. http://www.oed.com/view/Entry/124606?redirectedFrom=myrtle+wax (accessed January 27, 2017)]
Nail - A small metal spike, usually with a sharpened end and a blunt head, which may be driven in to a surface with a hammer or other tool in order to fasten things together, serve as a peg, or (occas.) to provide purchase, etc. ["nail, n.". OED Online. December 2016. Oxford University Press. http://www.oed.com/view/Entry/124844?rskey=1DhXq8&result=1&isAdvanced=false (accessed January 27, 2017)]
Nankeen - A kind of pale yellowish cloth, originally made at Nanking from a yellow variety of cotton, but subsequently manufactured from ordinary cotton which is then dyed. ["nankeen, n. and adj.". OED Online. December 2016. Oxford University Press. http://www.oed.com/view/Entry/124964?redirectedFrom=nankeen (accessed January 27, 2017)]
Neat Saddle - Asaddlefor cattle. (OED)
Needle - A slender pointed instrument (now usually of polished steel) for piercing and drawing thread through cloth, etc., having a hole or eye at one end for thread to pass through. ["needle, n.". OED Online. December 2016. Oxford University Press. http://www.oed.com/view/Entry/125771?rskey=gwbYOY&result=1&isAdvanced=false (accessed January 27, 2017)]
Net - Of an amount, weight, etc.: free from, or not subject to, any (further) deduction; remaining after all necessary deductions have been made; after the deductionoftax, interest, etc. ["net, v.3". OED Online. December 2016. Oxford University Press. http://www.oed.com/view/Entry/126285 (accessed January 27, 2017)]
Norris's Drops - A medicine promoted by Dr. Thomas Norris of Westminster, London that claimed to cure fevers and all inflammatory diseases. (NIH)
Novr - November.
Nt - Net
Nun's Thread - a fine, white thread, formerly spun by nuns. ["nun, n.1". OED Online. December 2016. Oxford University Press. http://www.oed.com/view/Entry/129170?redirectedFrom=nun%27s+thread (accessed January 27, 2017)]
Oakum - the coarse woody fibres (hurds or tow) separated from the finer fibres of flax or hemp; (also) †clippings, trimmings, shreds (obs.). Later (also):esp.loosely twisted fibres obtained chiefly by untwisting and picking old hemp rope; such fibres or the like, used as a caulking material for the seams of wooden ships, the joints of pipes, etc., and formerly sometimes in dressing wounds. ["oakum, n.". OED Online. December 2016. Oxford University Press. http://www.oed.com/view/Entry/129472?redirectedFrom=oakum (accessed January 27, 2017)]
Oat - The grain of a hardy cereal plant. ["oat, n.". OED Online. December 2016. Oxford University Press. http://www.oed.com/view/Entry/129490?rskey=2Ej1U7&result=1&isAdvanced=false (accessed January 27, 2017)]
Ochre (Yellow Oaker) - Any of various natural earthy materials or clays which are rich in iron oxides and vary in colour from light yellow to deep orange-red or brown; a pigment made from such a material. ["ochre | ocher, n. and adj.". OED Online. December 2016. Oxford University Press. http://www.oed.com/view/Entry/130251?rskey=zGTLMo&result=1&isAdvanced=false (accessed January 27, 2017)]
Octr - October.
Oil - Any of a number of liquids of natural or artificial origin which have a smooth, sticky, unctuous, feel and are insoluble in water (but soluble in organic solvents), more or less viscous, flammable, and chemically neutral. ["oil, n.1". OED Online. December 2016. Oxford University Press. http://www.oed.com/view/Entry/130877?rskey=BuPDZq&result=1&isAdvanced=false (accessed January 27, 2017)]
Oilstone - A flat, smooth, fine-grained stone whose surface is moistened with oil for sharpening tools; stone suitable for use in this way. ["oilstone, n.". OED Online. December 2016. Oxford University Press. http://www.oed.com/view/Entry/130907?rskey=TcpHiO&result=1&isAdvanced=false (accessed January 27, 2017)]
Ounce - A unit of weight equal to:
- (a)(originally) one-twelfth of a pound in troy and apothecaries' measure, equal to 480 grains (approx. 31.1 grams);
- (b)one-sixteenth of a pound in avoirdupois measure (approx. 28.3 grams). ["ounce, n.1". OED Online. December 2016. Oxford University Press. http://www.oed.com/view/Entry/133351?rskey=I88yLD&result=1&isAdvanced=false (accessed January 27, 2017)]
Ox Yoke and Bow - A set of items that attach an ox with a yoketo a plow, or an agricultural implement with one or more blades fixed in a frame, drawn over the soil to turn it up and cut furrows in preparation for the planting of seeds. (OED)
oz - ounce(s).
Osnaburg (Oznabrig) - A kind of coarse linen (and later cotton) cloth originally made at Osnabrück, used esp. for making rough hard-wearing clothing, or for furnishings, sacks, tents, etc. ["osnaburg, n. and adj.". OED Online. December 2016. Oxford University Press. http://www.oed.com/view/Entry/133033?redirectedFrom=osnaburg (accessed January 27, 2017)]
Parallel ruler - An instrument for drawing parallel lines, consisting of two or more straight rulers connected by jointed crosspieces so as to be always parallel, at whatever distance they are set. ["parallel, n., adj., and adv.". OED Online. December 2016. Oxford University Press. http://www.oed.com/view/Entry/137462?redirectedFrom=parallel+ruler (accessed January 27, 2017)]
Pd - paid.
Peck - A unit of capacity for dry goods equal to a quarter of a bushel, now equivalent (in Britain) to two imperial gallons (approx. 9.09 litres) or (in the U.S.) to eight quarts (approx. 8.81 litres). ["peck, n.1". OED Online. December 2016. Oxford University Press. http://www.oed.com/view/Entry/139413?rskey=pMpDoz&result=1&isAdvanced=false (accessed January 27, 2017)]
Pen Knife -Originally: a small knife for use in making and mending quill pens (now rare). Now usually: a pocket knife with one or more blades (and occas. other tools) designed to fold back into the handle when not in use. ["penknife, n.". OED Online. December 2016. Oxford University Press. http://www.oed.com/view/Entry/140154?redirectedFrom=pen+knife (accessed January 27, 2017)]
Pennyweight -A unit of weight equal to 24 grains (1/20troy ounce, approx. 1.56 g), and formerly to1/240Tower pound, i.e. 221/2grains (approx. 1.46 g), which was the actual weight of a silver penny. Abbreviated dwt. ["pennyweight, n.". OED Online. December 2016. Oxford University Press. http://www.oed.com/view/Entry/140219?redirectedFrom=pennyweight (accessed January 27, 2017)]
Pence - abbreviated (d), it is a monetary unit. 12 pence equals 1 shilling (s), and 240 pence equals 1 pound (£).
Pepper Box - A small box with a (usually domed) perforated lid, used for sprinkling pepper on food. ["pepperbox, n. and adj.". OED Online. December 2016. Oxford University Press. http://www.oed.com/view/Entry/140436?redirectedFrom=pepper+box (accessed January 27, 2017)]
Phaeton -A type of light four-wheeled open carriage, usually drawn by a pair of horses, and having one or two seats facing forward. ["phaeton, n.". OED Online. December 2016. Oxford University Press. http://www.oed.com/view/Entry/142094?redirectedFrom=phaeton (accessed January 27, 2017)]
Piggin - A (small) pail or similar vessel, esp. a wooden one with one stave longer than the rest serving as a handle; a vessel of this sort used as a milking pail. Also: a (wooden) drinking vessel; a scoop or ladle consisting of a can with a handle on the side; a lading-can. ["piggin, n.". OED Online. December 2016. Oxford University Press. http://www.oed.com/view/Entry/143685?redirectedFrom=piggin (accessed January 27, 2017)]
Pipe - A large container of definite capacity for storing solids or liquids, such as meat, fish, oil, wine, or cider. ["pipe, n.2". OED Online. December 2016. Oxford University Press. http://www.oed.com/view/Entry/144382?rskey=H8Rc9t&result=2&isAdvanced=false (accessed January 27, 2017)]
Pipe lock - Alock in the form of a hollow cylinder (perh. with a central pin, fitting a pipe key). ["pipe, n.1". OED Online. December 2016. Oxford University Press. http://www.oed.com/view/Entry/144381?redirectedFrom=pipe+lock (accessed January 27, 2017)]
Plane iron - The cutting blade of a plane. ["plane, n.2". OED Online. December 2016. Oxford University Press. http://www.oed.com/view/Entry/145044?redirectedFrom=plane+iron (accessed January 27, 2017)]
Plough-line (plow-line) - A line marking the limit of ploughed land; (b) cord used for the traces or reins of a plough; (in pl.) the reins themselves. ["plough | plow, n.1". OED Online. December 2016. Oxford University Press. http://www.oed.com/view/Entry/145945?redirectedFrom=plough-line (accessed January 27, 2017)]
Pocket Book - A book for memoranda, notes, etc., intended to be carried in a pocket; a notebook. ["pocketbook, n. and adj.". OED Online. December 2016. Oxford University Press. http://www.oed.com/view/Entry/146407?redirectedFrom=pocket+book (accessed January 27, 2017)]
Pocket Hankerchief - A handkerchief for carrying in a pocket. ["pocket handkerchief, n.". OED Online. December 2016. Oxford University Press. http://www.oed.com/view/Entry/146411?redirectedFrom=pocket+handkerchief (accessed January 27, 2017)]
Polychrest/Polychrestum (Medicine) - Ahomeopathic drug used to treat a variety of diseases. ["polychrest, n.". OED Online. December 2016. Oxford University Press. http://www.oed.com/view/Entry/147088?redirectedFrom=polychrest (accessed January 27, 2017)]
Pomatum - An ointment for the skin or hair. ["pomatum, n.". OED Online. December 2016. Oxford University Press. http://www.oed.com/view/Entry/147470?rskey=LSi3WX&result=1&isAdvanced=false (accessed January 27, 2017)]
Poplar Tree - Any of various deciduous, tall and fast-growing, sometimes narrowly erect, trees constituting the genusPopulus (family Salicaceae), occurring throughout north temperate regions, which have characteristically ovate or heart-shaped leaves with toothed margins and often flattened petioles, and which flower on drooping catkins before the leaves emerge. ["poplar, n.". OED Online. December 2016. Oxford University Press. http://www.oed.com/view/Entry/147845?redirectedFrom=poplar+tree (accessed January 27, 2017)]
Porterage - Carriage or transportation of goods, parcels, etc.; a charge for carriage or transportation. Also: the personnel available to act as porters. ["porterage, n.1". OED Online. December 2016. Oxford University Press. http://www.oed.com/view/Entry/148162?rskey=D5kw2R&result=1&isAdvanced=false (accessed January 27, 2017)]
Portmanteau -A case or bag for carrying clothing and other belongings when travelling; (originally) one of a form suitable for carrying on horseback. ["portmanteau, n.". OED Online. December 2016. Oxford University Press. http://www.oed.com/view/Entry/148217?rskey=esMpoM&result=1&isAdvanced=false (accessed January 27, 2017)]
Post -A long, sturdy piece of timber (later also of metal or some other solid material), used as a vertical support in building and construction, and usually having a round or square cross-section. ["post, n.1". OED Online. December 2016. Oxford University Press. http://www.oed.com/view/Entry/148383?rskey=NppFaw&result=1&isAdvanced=false (accessed January 27, 2017)]
Postage - The carriage, conveyance, or sending of letters and parcels by post. ["postage, n.1". OED Online. December 2016. Oxford University Press. http://www.oed.com/view/Entry/148405?rskey=51Fd6L&result=1&isAdvanced=false (accessed January 27, 2017)]
Potomac Tobacco - Tobacco originating from land near the Potomac River.
Pounds -A unit of weight and mass originally derived from the ancient Roman libra, varying at different periods, in different countries, and for different commodities. ["pound, n.1". OED Online. December 2016. Oxford University Press. http://www.oed.com/view/Entry/149023?rskey=AItMai&result=1&isAdvanced=false (accessed January 27, 2017)] Abbreviated as lbs.
An English money of account (originally, a pound weight of silver), of the value of 20 shillings or 240 pence, and formerly represented by the gold sovereign. (OED) Symbol (£)
Powder - A cosmetic in the form of a powder applied to the face or skin. ["powder, n.1". OED Online. December 2016. Oxford University Press. http://www.oed.com/view/Entry/149132?rskey=Jarh5Y&result=1&isAdvanced=false (accessed January 27, 2017)]
Powder Puff - A soft pad or wad of material for applying powder to the skin, etc. ["powder puff, n. and adj.". OED Online. December 2016. Oxford University Press. http://www.oed.com/view/Entry/149158?redirectedFrom=powder+puff (accessed January 27, 2017)]
pr - per or pair.
pr Ann - per annum.
prCt - per cent.
Prick Post - Any of various upright posts (usually one of two or more placed between the principal posts) which help bear the weight in a timber-framed building. ["prick post, n.". OED Online. December 2016. Oxford University Press. http://www.oed.com/view/Entry/151177?redirectedFrom=prick+post (accessed January 27, 2017)]
Protractor - An instrument for marking out or measuring angles, typically in the form of a flat semicircle marked with degrees along the curved edge. ["protractor, n.". OED Online. December 2016. Oxford University Press. http://www.oed.com/view/Entry/153351?redirectedFrom=protractor (accessed January 27, 2017)]
Psalter - A particular translation or arrangement (prose or metrical) of the Book of Psalms. ["psalter, n.". OED Online. December 2016. Oxford University Press. http://www.oed.com/view/Entry/153702?redirectedFrom=psalter (accessed January 27, 2017)]
Pullet - A young domestic hen;spec.(a)(esp. formerly) one from point-of-lay until first moult;(b)(now freq.) any young hen up to the age of one year. ["pullet, n.". OED Online. December 2016. Oxford University Press. http://www.oed.com/view/Entry/154334?redirectedFrom=pullet (accessed January 27, 2017)]
Rawspun Silk - Raw spunadj.(a)(app.) (of fibrous tissue) poorly or crudely entwined (obs.rare);(b)(of silk) made from untreated fibres; cf.raw silkn. ["raw, adj. and n.1". OED Online. December 2016. Oxford University Press. http://www.oed.com/view/Entry/158694?redirectedFrom=rawspun (accessed January 27, 2017)]
Redemptioner - U.S.An emigrant to America who paid for the passage by becoming an indentured servant on arrival.Law. A person who redeems mortgaged property or land. ["redemptioner, n.". OED Online. December 2016. Oxford University Press. http://www.oed.com/view/Entry/160261?redirectedFrom=redemptioner (accessed January 27, 2017)]
Rye - A foodgrain obtained from the plant Secale cereale (see sense 2a), extensively used (esp. in northern Europe) for making coarse bread, beer, spirits, etc., and (now more usually) as animal fodder. ["rye, n.1". OED Online. December 2016. Oxford University Press. http://www.oed.com/view/Entry/169245?rskey=dXzOnQ&result=1&isAdvanced=false (accessed January 27, 2017)]
Saddle Cloth - A cloth placed on the back of a horse or other animal under the saddle. ["saddlecloth, n.". OED Online. December 2016. Oxford University Press. http://www.oed.com/view/Entry/169625?redirectedFrom=saddle+cloth (accessed January 27, 2017)]
Salver - A tray, used for handing refreshments or for presenting letters, visiting-cards, etc. Also, adish on which a jelly or the like is served up for the table. ["salver, n.2". OED Online. December 2016. Oxford University Press. http://www.oed.com/view/Entry/170302?rskey=M0bOor&result=2&isAdvanced=false (accessed January 27, 2017)]
Sarsenet (Sarcenet) - A very fine and soft silk material made both plain and twilled, in various colours, now used chiefly for linings; a dress made of this. ["sarsenet | sarcenet, n.". OED Online. December 2016. Oxford University Press. http://www.oed.com/view/Entry/171089?redirectedFrom=sarsenet (accessed January 27, 2017)]
Satinette (Satinet) - An imitation of satin woven in silk, or silk and cotton; (2)A material woven with a cotton warp and woollen weft, having a satin-like surface. ["satinette | satinet, n.". OED Online. December 2016. Oxford University Press. http://www.oed.com/view/Entry/171200?redirectedFrom=satinette (accessed January 27, 2017)]
Saw-file - Afile specially adapted for sharpening the teeth of saws. ["saw, n.1". OED Online. December 2016. Oxford University Press. http://www.oed.com/view/Entry/171504?redirectedFrom=saw-file (accessed January 27, 2017)]
Scantling - A small beam or piece of wood; spec. one less than five inches square. (2) A block or slice of stone of a fixed size; also collect. sing., stone cut into scantlings. ["scantling, n.". OED Online. December 2016. Oxford University Press. http://www.oed.com/view/Entry/171931?rskey=zeJU4P&result=1&isAdvanced=false (accessed January 27, 2017)]
Schooner -A small sea-going fore-and-aft rigged vessel, originally with only two masts, but now often with three or four masts and carrying one or more topsails. ["schooner, n.1". OED Online. December 2016. Oxford University Press. http://www.oed.com/view/Entry/172574?rskey=ZZzOHk&result=1&isAdvanced=false (accessed January 27, 2017)]
Screenings - Material which has passed through the operation of screening; spec., an inferior grade of wheat or polished rice. ["screening, n.". OED Online. December 2016. Oxford University Press. http://www.oed.com/view/Entry/173446?redirectedFrom=screenings (accessed January 27, 2017)]
Screw Hingest -A metal pin or bolt (cylindrical or, more commonly, slightly tapering) with a spiral ridge upon its shank, used in joining articles of wood or metal, fastening fittings to woodwork. (OED)
Scythe - An agricultural implement for mowing grass or other crops, having a long thin curving blade fastened at an angle with the handle and wielded with both hands with a long sweeping stroke. ["scythe, n.". OED Online. December 2016. Oxford University Press. http://www.oed.com/view/Entry/174046?rskey=q0R1Hb&result=1&isAdvanced=false (accessed January 27, 2017)]. Grass scythes, briar scythes,and wheat scythes are mentioned in the financial papers.
Season - The time of year when an animal is in heat, pairs, breeds, migrates, is killed for food or hunted, etc. ["season, n.". OED Online. December 2016. Oxford University Press. http://www.oed.com/view/Entry/174349?rskey=q2uTBc&result=1&isAdvanced=false (accessed January 27, 2017)]
Seine - A fishing net designed to hang vertically in the water, the ends being drawn together to enclose the fish. ["seine, n.1". OED Online. December 2016. Oxford University Press. http://www.oed.com/view/Entry/174937?rskey=6NED2w&result=1&isAdvanced=false (accessed January 27, 2017)]
Settee - A seat (for indoors) holding two or more persons, with a back and (usually) arms; occasionally also with divisions. In America sometimes furnished with rockers. ["settee, n.3". OED Online. December 2016. Oxford University Press. http://www.oed.com/view/Entry/176847?rskey=48GagU&result=3&isAdvanced=false (accessed January 27, 2017)]
Silesia - A fine linen or cotton fabric originally manufactured in Silesia. ["Silesia, n.". OED Online. December 2016. Oxford University Press. http://www.oed.com/view/Entry/179664?redirectedFrom=silesia (accessed January 27, 2017)]
Septr - September.
Shalloon - A closely woven woollen material chiefly used for linings. ["shalloon, n.1". OED Online. December 2016. Oxford University Press. http://www.oed.com/view/Entry/177355 (accessed January 27, 2017)]
Shaw - A thicket, a small wood, copse or grove. Also, the stalks and leaves of certain plants, esp. potatoes and turnips. ["shaw, n.1". OED Online. December 2016. Oxford University Press. http://www.oed.com/view/Entry/177654?rskey=tN5ii2&result=1&isAdvanced=false (accessed January 27, 2017)]
Sheep-bell - A bell hung on a sheep's neck. ["bell, n.1". OED Online. December 2016. Oxford University Press. http://www.oed.com/view/Entry/17403 (accessed January 27, 2017)]
Shingle - A thin piece of wood having parallel sides and one end thicker than the other, used as a house-tile. ["shingle, n.1". OED Online. December 2016. Oxford University Press. http://www.oed.com/view/Entry/178190?rskey=SOZaeA&result=1&isAdvanced=false (accessed January 27, 2017)]
Shoe Blacking - The black polish used by shoe polishers. ["shoeblack, n.". OED Online. December 2016. Oxford University Press. http://www.oed.com/view/Entry/178438?redirectedFrom=shoe+blacking (accessed January 27, 2017)]
Shoe Brushes - A brush for cleaning and polishing shoes. ["shoe, n.". OED Online. December 2016. Oxford University Press. http://www.oed.com/view/Entry/178435?redirectedFrom=shoe+brush (accessed January 27, 2017)]
Silk Handkerchief - A small square of cotton, silk, or other material carried on the person and used for wiping the nose, hands, etc. ["handkerchief, n.". OED Online. December 2016. Oxford University Press. http://www.oed.com/view/Entry/83875?rskey=tCVWps&result=1&isAdvanced=false (accessed January 27, 2017)]
Skein - A quantity of thread or yarn, wound to a certain length upon a reel, and usually put up in a kind of loose knot. ["skein, n.1". OED Online. December 2016. Oxford University Press. http://www.oed.com/view/Entry/180689?rskey=dO9CDK&result=1&isAdvanced=false (accessed January 27, 2017)]
Skipper - The captain or master of ship, esp. of a small trading, merchant, or fishing vessel; †a shipman, seaman. ["skipper, n.2". OED Online. December 2016. Oxford University Press. http://www.oed.com/view/Entry/180976?rskey=NQToAV&result=2&isAdvanced=false (accessed January 27, 2017)]
Sliding Bar - Designating parts of apparatus or machinery which slide, or are characterized by some sliding device. ["sliding, adj.". OED Online. December 2016. Oxford University Press. http://www.oed.com/view/Entry/181778 (accessed January 27, 2017)]
Smith's Tools - Tools used by a smith, or a skilled worker who forges a certain type of item from metal based on their specialization; blacksmiths, for example, make items from iron or steel where a silversmith may work with silver.
Snaffle Bridle - The mouth of a horse which can be managed with a snaffle alone. ["snaffle, n.1". OED Online. December 2016. Oxford University Press. http://www.oed.com/view/Entry/182915?redirectedFrom=snaffle+bridle (accessed January 27, 2017)]
Snuff - A preparation of powdered tobacco for inhaling through the nostrils (in the southern United States, usually taken orally). ["snuff, n.3". OED Online. December 2016. Oxford University Press. http://www.oed.com/view/Entry/183565?rskey=pnVXk9&result=3&isAdvanced=false (accessed January 27, 2017)]
Socket-chisel - A strong tool used by carpenters for mortising, and worked with a mallet. ["socket, n.". OED Online. December 2016. Oxford University Press. http://www.oed.com/view/Entry/183813?redirectedFrom=socket+chisel (accessed January 27, 2017)]
Socotrine aloes - a drug prepared from the juice of the Aloe socotrina (or perryi), and originally obtained from the island of Socotra. ["socotrine, adj.". OED Online. December 2016. Oxford University Press. http://www.oed.com/view/Entry/183827?rskey=ZqY58u&result=1&isAdvanced=false (accessed January 27, 2017)]
Sorel - A horse of a bright chestnut or reddish brown colour; also as the name of a horse. ["sorrel, adj. and n.2". OED Online. December 2016. Oxford University Press. http://www.oed.com/view/Entry/184927?rskey=2amzql&result=2&isAdvanced=false (accessed January 27, 2017)]
Spanish Brown - Akind of earth having a reddish-brown colour (due to peroxide of iron), used as a pigment; also, the colour which this imparts. ["Spanish, adj., n.1, and adv.". OED Online. December 2016. Oxford University Press. http://www.oed.com/view/Entry/185580?redirectedFrom=spanish+brown (accessed January 27, 2017)]
Spinet Strings - Strings for the spinet, or a keyed musical instrument, common in England in the 18th century, closely resembling the harpsichord, but smaller and having only one string to each note. ["spinet, n.1". OED Online. December 2016. Oxford University Press. http://www.oed.com/view/Entry/186710?rskey=2GcVoD&result=1&isAdvanced=false (accessed January 27, 2017)]
Spelt - A wheat like grain formerlymuch cultivated in southern Europe. ["spelt, n.1". OED Online. December 2016. Oxford University Press. http://www.oed.com/view/Entry/186243?rskey=U2fwsQ&result=1&isAdvanced=false (accessed January 27, 2017)]
Spermaceti candles - A fatty substance, which in a purified state has the form of a soft white scaly mass, found in the head (and to some extent in other parts) of the sperm-whale (Physeter macrocephalus) and some other whales and dolphins; it is used largely in various medicinal preparations, and in the manufacture of candles. ["spermaceti, n.". OED Online. December 2016. Oxford University Press. http://www.oed.com/view/Entry/186312?redirectedFrom=spermaceti+candle (accessed January 27, 2017)]
Spinning Wheel - A simple apparatus for spinning, formerly in common use, in which the formation of the thread is carried out by the help of a wheel worked either by the hand or foot. ["ˈspinning-wheel, n.". OED Online. December 2016. Oxford University Press. http://www.oed.com/view/Entry/186750?redirectedFrom=spinning+wheel (accessed January 27, 2017)]
Stallion - A male horse not castrated, an entire horse, esp. one kept for the purpose of serving mares. ["stallion, n.". OED Online. December 2016. Oxford University Press. http://www.oed.com/view/Entry/188860?redirectedFrom=stallion (accessed January 27, 2017)]
Stape Socks - A covering for the foot, of the nature of a light shoe, slipper, or pump. ["sock, n.1". OED Online. December 2016. Oxford University Press. http://www.oed.com/view/Entry/183797?rskey=QVrhND&result=1&isAdvanced=false (accessed January 27, 2017)]
Staple - A post, pillar, column (of wood, stone, metal). ["staple, n.1". OED Online. December 2016. Oxford University Press. http://www.oed.com/view/Entry/189068?rskey=dFFiZc&result=1&isAdvanced=false (accessed January 27, 2017)]
Stave - A rod, bar, pole or the like. ["stave, n.1". OED Online. December 2016. Oxford University Press. http://www.oed.com/view/Entry/189390?rskey=wrJxUz&result=1&isAdvanced=false (accessed January 27, 2017)]
Stays - A laced underbodice, stiffened by the insertion of strips of whale-bone (sometimes of metal or wood) worn by women (sometimes by men) to give shape and support to the figure: =corsetn.2. ["stay, n.2". OED Online. December 2016. Oxford University Press. http://www.oed.com/view/Entry/189407 (accessed January 27, 2017)]
Steer - A young ox, esp. one which has been castrated. ["steer, n.1". OED Online. December 2016. Oxford University Press. http://www.oed.com/view/Entry/189618?rskey=49nXXc&result=1&isAdvanced=false (accessed January 27, 2017)]
Stem - To remove the stalk and midrib from tobacco-leaf. ["stem, v.4". OED Online. December 2016. Oxford University Press. http://www.oed.com/view/Entry/189742 (accessed January 27, 2017)]
Stocking - A close-fitting garment covering the foot, the leg, and often the knee, usually made of knitted or woven wool, silk, thread, or cotton. ["stocking, n.2". OED Online. December 2016. Oxford University Press. http://www.oed.com/view/Entry/190625?rskey=MljPNA&result=2&isAdvanced=false (accessed January 27, 2017)]
Stock-lock - A lock enclosed in a wooden case, usually fitted on an outer door. ["ˈstock-lock, n.". OED Online. December 2016. Oxford University Press. http://www.oed.com/view/Entry/190643?rskey=dgKMg5&result=1&isAdvanced=false (accessed January 27, 2017)]
Strop - A band, thong; a loop or noose of leather, etc. (2) A ring or band of hide or of rope with its ends spliced together, used upon a mast, yard, rope, etc., as a fastening or as a purchase for tackle; esp. a band of rope, iron, or chain fastened round a pulley or block. ["strop, n.1". OED Online. December 2016. Oxford University Press. http://www.oed.com/view/Entry/191844?rskey=vaI4F3&result=1&isAdvanced=false (accessed January 27, 2017)]
Stuff shoes - shoes of which the tops or upper parts are made from ‘lasting’ [a woven worsted material], cashmere, or fancy cloth. ["stuff, n.1". OED Online. December 2016. Oxford University Press. http://www.oed.com/view/Entry/192090?redirectedFrom=stuff+shoes (accessed January 27, 2017)]
Sundries - Small articles of a miscellaneous kind; esp. small items lumped together in an account as not needing individual mention. ["sundries, n.". OED Online. December 2016. Oxford University Press. http://www.oed.com/view/Entry/194090 (accessed January 27, 2017)]
Surcingle - A girth for a horse or other animal;esp.a large girth passing over a sheet, pack, etc. and keeping it in place on the animal's back. Also spelled cirsingle. ["surcingle, n.". OED Online. December 2016. Oxford University Press. http://www.oed.com/view/Entry/194847?redirectedFrom=surcingle (accessed January 27, 2017)]
Surtout - A hood (with a mantle), worn by women; (2) A man's great-coat or overcoat. ["surtout, n.". OED Online. December 2016. Oxford University Press. http://www.oed.com/view/Entry/195077?redirectedFrom=surtout (accessed January 27, 2017)]
Swanskin -A fine thick kind of flannel; also, a woollen blanketing used by printers and engravers as an elastic impression-surface. ["swanskin, n.". OED Online. December 2016. Oxford University Press. http://www.oed.com/view/Entry/195460?redirectedFrom=swanskin (accessed January 27, 2017)]
Swingle -A wooden instrument resembling a sword, used for beating and scraping flax or hemp so as to cleanse it of woody or coarse particles. ["swingle, n.1". OED Online. December 2016. Oxford University Press. http://www.oed.com/view/Entry/195905?rskey=1Wh2et&result=1&isAdvanced=false (accessed January 27, 2017)]
Sword-knot - A ribbon or tassel tied to the hilt of a sword (originating from the thong or lace with which the hilt was fastened to the wrist, but later used chiefly as a mere ornament or badge). ["sword, n.". OED Online. December 2016. Oxford University Press. http://www.oed.com/view/Entry/196035?redirectedFrom=sword-knot (accessed January 27, 2017)]
Tail - a. = tally n.1 1; hence, a score, an account. by tail, by means of tallies; on credit. (Cf. on tick.) Obs.; (2) Account, reckoning. ["tail, n.2". OED Online. December 2016. Oxford University Press. http://www.oed.com/view/Entry/197068?rskey=NOIHu5&result=2&isAdvanced=false (accessed January 27, 2017)]
Tambour - A circular frame formed of one hoop fitting within another, in which silk, muslin, or other material is stretched for embroidering. Also, aspecies of embroidery in which patterns are worked with a needle of peculiar form on material stretched in a tambour-frame; now superseded by pattern-weaving. ["tambour, n.". OED Online. December 2016. Oxford University Press. http://www.oed.com/view/Entry/197376?rskey=m4cMRG&result=1&isAdvanced=false (accessed January 27, 2017)]
Tare - The weight of the wrapping, receptacle, or conveyance containing goods, which is deducted from the gross in order to ascertain the net weight. ["tare, n.2". OED Online. December 2016. Oxford University Press. http://www.oed.com/view/Entry/197820?rskey=WPS1bw&result=2&isAdvanced=false (accessed January 27, 2017)]
Taste - A kind of narrow thin silk ribbon used for edge-binding: now commonly called taffeta-binding. ["taste, n.2". OED Online. December 2016. Oxford University Press. http://www.oed.com/view/Entry/198051?rskey=3P5Ej4&result=2&isAdvanced=false (accessed January 27, 2017)]
Tea Table -A table at which tea is taken, or on which tea-things are placed for a meal. ["ˈtea-ˌtable, n.". OED Online. December 2016. Oxford University Press. http://www.oed.com/view/Entry/198426?rskey=h3RiCq&result=1&isAdvanced=false (accessed January 27, 2017)]
Thimble - A sheath or covering for the thumb or finger; a fingerstall. ["thimble, n.". OED Online. December 2016. Oxford University Press. http://www.oed.com/view/Entry/200774?rskey=FjbHfp&result=1&isAdvanced=false (accessed January 27, 2017)]
Thread - A fine cord composed of the fibres or filaments of flax, cotton, wool, silk, etc. spun to a considerable length. ["thread, n.". OED Online. December 2016. Oxford University Press. http://www.oed.com/view/Entry/201128?rskey=PvyQLy&result=1&isAdvanced=false (accessed January 27, 2017)]
Tierce - An old measure of capacity equivalent to one third of a pipe (usually 42 gallons of old wine, but varying for different commodities); also a cask or vessel holding this quantity, usually of wine, but also of various kinds of provisions or other goods (e.g. beef, pork, salmon, coffee, honey, sugar, tallow, tobacco). ["tierce, n.1". OED Online. December 2016. Oxford University Press. http://www.oed.com/view/Entry/201866?rskey=wESFTP&result=1&isAdvanced=false (accessed January 27, 2017)]
Timothy Seed - A seed for a native British grass, introduced into cultivation under this name in the North American colonies in the eighteenth century. ["timothy grass, n.". OED Online. December 2016. Oxford University Press. http://www.oed.com/view/Entry/202167 (accessed January 27, 2017)]
Tincture - Mod. Pharmacy. A solution, usually in a menstruum of alcohol, of some principle used in medicine, chiefly vegetable, as tincture of opium (laudanum), but sometimes animal, as tincture of cantharides, or mineral, as tincture of ferric chloride. ["tincture, n.". OED Online. December 2016. Oxford University Press. http://www.oed.com/view/Entry/202188?rskey=gmFRF5&result=1&isAdvanced=false (accessed January 27, 2017)]
Towelling (toweling) - Linen cloth to be made into towels; material for or of towels. ["towelling | toweling, n.". OED Online. December 2016. Oxford University Press. http://www.oed.com/view/Entry/204016?redirectedFrom=towelling (accessed January 27, 2017)]
Train oil - Oil extracted from the carcasses of sea animals, esp. that obtained by boiling the blubber of the right whale. ["train oil, n.". OED Online. December 2016. Oxford University Press. http://www.oed.com/view/Entry/204430?redirectedFrom=train+oil (accessed January 27, 2017)]
Trowel - A tool consisting of a flat (or, less commonly, rounded) plate of metal or wood, of various shapes, attached to a short handle; used by masons, bricklayers, plasterers, and others for spreading, moulding, or smoothing mortar, cement, and the like. ["trowel, n.". OED Online. December 2016. Oxford University Press. http://www.oed.com/view/Entry/206821?rskey=VP9nGm&result=1&isAdvanced=false (accessed January 27, 2017)]
Tumbrel - A cart so constructed that the body tilts backwards to empty out the load. ["tumbrel | tumbril, n.1". OED Online. December 2016. Oxford University Press. http://www.oed.com/view/Entry/207364?rskey=OIBYrQ&result=1&isAdvanced=false (accessed January 27, 2017)]
Turpentine - Avolatile oil, contained in the wood, bark, leaves, and other parts of coniferous trees. ["turpentine, n.". OED Online. December 2016. Oxford University Press. http://www.oed.com/view/Entry/207742?rskey=HIz8hc&result=1&isAdvanced=false (accessed January 27, 2017)]
Twill (tweel) - To weave so as to produce diagonal ridges on the surface of the cloth. ["twill | tweel, v.1". OED Online. December 2016. Oxford University Press. http://www.oed.com/view/Entry/208064?rskey=heqZSf&result=3&isAdvanced=false (accessed February 03, 2017)]
Ullage - The amount of wine or other liquor by which a cask or bottle falls short of being quite full (originally the quantity required to make good the loss by leakage or absorption). ["ullage, n.". OED Online. December 2016. Oxford University Press. http://www.oed.com/view/Entry/208625?rskey=qfU7r6&result=1&isAdvanced=false (accessed January 27, 2017)]
Valise -A travelling case or portmanteau, now usually made of leather and of a size suitable for carrying by hand, formerly also for strapping to the saddle of a horse. ["valise, n.". OED Online. December 2016. Oxford University Press. http://www.oed.com/view/Entry/221204?redirectedFrom=valise (accessed January 27, 2017)]
Velveret - A variety of fustian, a coarse cloth made of cotton and flax, with a velvet surface. ["ˈvelveret, n.". OED Online. December 2016. Oxford University Press. http://www.oed.com/view/Entry/222016?redirectedFrom=velveret (accessed January 27, 2017)]
Vendue - A public sale; an auction. ["vendue, n.". OED Online. December 2016. Oxford University Press. http://www.oed.com/view/Entry/222077?redirectedFrom=vendue (accessed January 27, 2017)]
Verdigris - A green or greenish blue substance obtained artificially by the action of dilute acetic acid on thin plates of copper (or a green rust naturally forming on copper and brass), and much used as a pigment, in dyeing, the arts, and medicine; basic acetate of copper. ["verdigris, n.". OED Online. December 2016. Oxford University Press. http://www.oed.com/view/Entry/222437?redirectedFrom=verdigris (accessed January 27, 2017)]
Vest - Fastenings for the securement of a vest. (OED)
Videlicet - That is to say; namely; to wit: used to introduce an amplification, or more precise or explicit explanation, of a previous statement or word. Abbreviated to viz. ["videlicet, adv. and n.". OED Online. December 2016. Oxford University Press. http://www.oed.com/view/Entry/223257?redirectedFrom=videlicet (accessed January 27, 2017)]
viz - videlicet.
Wad - A local name for plumbago or black lead. ["wad, n.3". OED Online. December 2016. Oxford University Press. http://www.oed.com/view/Entry/224937?rskey=ciWkZE&result=4&isAdvanced=false (accessed January 27, 2017)]
Watch - A small time-piece; orig. one with a spring-driven movement, and of a size to be carried in the pocket. ["watch, n.". OED Online. December 2016. Oxford University Press. http://www.oed.com/view/Entry/226075?rskey=dHNM0v&result=1&isAdvanced=false (accessed January 27, 2017)]
Wax Baby - An infant made of wax presented as a toy by George Washington for his two young stepchildren in 1759 for Christmas. (History)
Wedding Clothes - Garments worn for the marriage ceremony of two people.
Weeper - A strip of white linen or muslin formerly worn on the cuff of a man's sleeve. ["weeper, n.". OED Online. December 2016. Oxford University Press. http://www.oed.com/view/Entry/226815?redirectedFrom=weeper (accessed January 27, 2017)]
Wether - A male sheep, a ram; esp. a castrated ram. ["wether, n.". OED Online. December 2016. Oxford University Press. http://www.oed.com/view/Entry/227979?redirectedFrom=wether (accessed January 27, 2017)]
Wheat (Middlings) - A trade name for: the middle one of three grades into which wheat are categorized according to quality. ["middling, n.1". OED Online. December 2016. Oxford University Press. http://www.oed.com/view/Entry/118171?rskey=cK80vk&result=1&isAdvanced=false (accessed January 27, 2017)]
Wheat Scythe - see Scythe.
Whipsaw - A frame-saw with a narrow blade, used esp. for curved work. ["whip-saw, n.". OED Online. December 2016. Oxford University Press. http://www.oed.com/view/Entry/228443?rskey=LTOKcY&result=1&isAdvanced=false (accessed January 27, 2017)]
White Lead - Another name for the metal tin. ["lead, n.1". OED Online. December 2016. Oxford University Press. http://www.oed.com/view/Entry/106584?rskey=6SWfXg&result=2&isAdvanced=false (accessed January 27, 2017)]
White Silk - The strong, soft, lustrous fibre produced by the larvæ of certain bombycine moths which feed upon mulberry leaves, etc., and by certain spiders. ["silk, n. and adj.". OED Online. December 2016. Oxford University Press. http://www.oed.com/view/Entry/179711?rskey=GggR4m&result=1&isAdvanced=false (accessed January 27, 2017)]
Whitsuntide - The church season of Pentecost (Pentecost n. 2); the weekend including Whitsunday, or the week beginning on that day. ["Whitsuntide, n.". OED Online. December 2016. Oxford University Press. http://www.oed.com/view/Entry/228685?rskey=LtY4Eq&result=1&isAdvanced=false (accessed January 27, 2017)]
Woolen Wheel - Akind of sewing machine. ["wool, n.". OED Online. December 2016. Oxford University Press. http://www.oed.com/view/Entry/230119?redirectedFrom=wool-wheel (accessed January 27, 2017)]
wt - white or with.
Yawl - A ship's boat resembling a pinnace, but somewhat smaller, usually with four or six oars;A small sailing-boat of the cutter class, with a jigger;A small kind of fishing-boat. (OED)
ye - the.
Yoke - An item, used from ancient times, by which two animals, esp. oxen, are coupled together for drawing a plough or vehicle; usually consisting of a somewhat curved or hollowed piece of wood fitted with ‘bows’ or hoops at the ends which are passed round the animals’ necks, and having a ring or hook attached to the middle to which is fastened a chain or trace extending backward by which the plough or vehicle is drawn. ["yoke, n.1". OED Online. December 2016. Oxford University Press. http://www.oed.com/view/Entry/232053?rskey=e2X3Xy&result=1&isAdvanced=false (accessed January 25, 2017)]